Earthquakes and sun disturbances

ABSTRACT

A method of tracking seismic activity through monitoring sunspots and sun disturbances and correlating them with a developed model in order to map out specific locations where an earthquake will consequently appear is provided (FP). The method of comprises mapping coordinates of electromagnetic disturbances on the sun, calculating the coordinates while taking into consideration Earth/sun geometry and relative positions (FP). These coordinates are consequently mapped to a location and time on earth wherein the location and time predicts the location and approximate time of the earthquake, which will consequently occur on earth.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is the U.S. National Phase of InternationalPatent Application No. PCT/IL2006/001061, filed Sep. 9, 2006, which inturn is based upon and claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/716,345, filed Sep. 12, 2005, each of which isincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to tracing seismic activities. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to tracing seismicactivities that are directly connected to sunspots and sun disturbances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Earthquakes are natural disasters generated by seismic waves andtectonic pressure. They are currently understood to be unpredictable andcan be very destructive. Statistics show that during one year, more than20-30 cases of strong and destructive earthquakes occur over the wholeplanet.

The time and location of earthquakes are understood to benon-predictable and are one of the major concerns in the world. Theconsequences may be harsh due to the destructive nature of theearthquake itself, as well as from its secondary effects such as fires,pollution, floods, etc.

At this time science is unable to predict the exact time and location ofan earthquake through current scientific methods.

From all of the planets in our solar system, Earth is unique and is theonly planet to exhibit tectonic activity (other similar planets, such asMars and Venus, show signs of volcanic activity in the past but thereappears to be no evidence of tectonic activity neither in the past nortoday). The earth's crust is divided up into tectonic plates that movearound the lithosphere. These plates buckle and grind up against eachother at the edges. These plates are constantly active (due toconvection processes that cause different phase changes by the core'sheat, gravity and radioactive emissions from within the Earth). Thesedifferent forces act together to cause earthquakes.

Before an earthquake takes place, the pressure and friction between therocks builds up until it reaches a ‘critical point’ (the Earth's crustis made up from different minerals; mostly containing oxygen, that arelocked into crystals). Electro-magnetic pulses are generated throughthese minerals (see, for example, in Freidman, January December 2005 andBrent D. Johnson, Spectrophotometer Observes Radiation from Rocks,(accessed 23.12.05) and are released into the Earth's atmosphere. Theelectromagnetic pulses that are emitted from Earth's crust into theatmosphere are characterized by coherent light and continue theirspectral signature when they hit the sun's photosphere. Reed et al. inTHz Science and Technology Network, terahertz (THz) radiation, PhysicalReview Letters, 13 Jan. 2006 found that measurable coherent light can beobserved emerging from the crystal in experiments, whereby coherentlight was produced by shock waves through a crystal.

The sun's photosphere is a thin layer that is highly sensitive toelectro-magnetic changes (like the Earth's ionosphere). The modelcorrelates sunspot disturbances and maps them to relative locations onEarth. In addition, the pattern of these disturbances, outlined in theEMI archive, exhibits unique characteristics that emanate from differentsource locations from Earth (drawing on crystallography, spectroscopia,and optical non-linearity).

In this way, the Earth may be compared to a pulsing projector (like apulsar) where the sun acts as a responsive surface reflecting the pulsesthat leave their traces on its photosphere.

Scientific research has been driven by the relative size and energylevels of the Earth in relation to the sun, which has influenced pastand current scientific research to explore the effect of the sun on theEarth. Notably, fewer sunspot activities have been recorded during TheLittle Ice Age (See FIG. 8 a) but the exact relationship between sundisturbances and earthquakes has not been previously understood. Theinventor of the present invention has developed a model that reversesthe pre-supposition that the sun is acting on the earth, and suggeststhat the sun is exhibiting traces that are initiated on Earth. Thesetraces can be identified as sun disturbances that evolve as localreactions that act in response to the trigger, which is thepre-earthquake activity.

In accordance with that, it must be presumed that the increase inseismic activity correlates directly with the number and specificlocation of sun disturbances taking into consideration the influences ofthe seasonal changes of the magnetic poles of the sun and theirrelationship to Earth. The correlation may be discerned once theproperties of the declination, Earth's inclination, and the sun's BOangle between the Earth and the sun are determined. The disturbances maythen be mapped to the past or potential location of an Earthquakeepicentre. Using this 10-step model that is illustrated in FIG. 1, theinventor of the present invention tracked sun disturbances andcross-checked them over a period of four years to illustrate anoccurring frequency, relative location, and global pattern as will beshown herein after. The model enables a correlation of the pertinentdata and demonstrates not only a documentation of past earthquakeactivity, but can also be successfully implemented to predict futureearthquake activity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of trackingseismic activity through monitoring sunspots and sun disturbances andcorrelating them with the developed model in order to map out specificlocations where an earthquake will consequently appear.

Therefore and in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, it provides a method of correlating earthquakes on earth toelectromagnetic disturbances on the sun comprising:

-   -   mapping coordinates of electromagnetic disturbances on the sun;    -   calculating said coordinates;    -   mapping the calculated coordinates onto a location and time on        earth;    -   whereby the location and time on earth predicts the location and        approximate time of the earthquake which will consequently occur        on earth.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the electromagnetic disturbances are based on thoseobserved on EIT images.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the electromagnetic disturbances are based on thoseobserved on a magnetogram image.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, said mapping coordinates is performed by marking thedisturbances on a transparency of sun's diameter on a grid andtransferring the marked coordinated onto a broadsheet.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, said mapping the calculated coordinates is performedby marking said coordinates on a scaled BO transparency divided intolines of latitude.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, said location is determined from the line of latitudeusing a model in which an angle of declination of a corresponding day isadjusted to the indications of sunspot disturbances from the broadsheettransparency and wherein the centre of the BO transparency is lined upto the center of the broadsheet and rotated to the daily declination,and wherein the center of the BO transparency is also moved up or downalong the center of the broadsheet in accordance with the dailydeclination.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the method further comprises determining the locationof a potential earthquake on the line of longitude.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, determining the location of the potential earthquakeon the line of longitude is performed by identifying the disturbances onan EIT and a magnetogram image.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, determining the location of the potential earthquakeon the line of longitude is further comprises a: referencing to thepattern archive (EMI Archive); b. statistical analyzing the location oftectonic plates that indicated current seismic activity and c.geological mapping of characteristics of the earth's crust.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the method further comprises enhancing results fromthe coordinates harvested from EIT and magnetogram images.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, wherein enhancing the results comprising: a. using aglobal seismic map; b. examining historic seismic activity of the earthsuch as occurrence, magnitude and depth and c. taking into considerationthe movements of the tectonic plates.

Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the prediction of the earthquake is performed by anonline simulator.

Additionally and in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, the earthquake has a magnitude that is calculatedby the shape of the pattern, the speed in which the sun disturbancedevelops and the size and location of the disturbance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In order to better understand the present invention and appreciate itspractical applications, the following Figures are attached andreferenced herein. Like components are denoted by like referencenumerals.

It should be noted that the figures are given as examples and preferredembodiments only and in no way limit the scope of the present inventionas defined in the appending Description and Claims.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a model developed by the inventor inwhich show EM pulses and the earth/sun/earth relationship.

FIG. 2 illustrates a map showing the Pacific Plate and the MagneticEquator.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of the 10-step process of trackingearthquakes in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a grid of transparency that is used in the processaccording to preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a broadsheet used in the process according to apreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 6 a-b illustrate BO latitudes (BO 0 and BO 7) used in the processaccording to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a section of the pattern archive (EMI archive) inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 a illustrates daily sunspot area averaged over individual solarrotations and the limited tectonic activity during the Little Ice age.

FIG. 8 b illustrates earthquake diagram of August 2003 that were checkedin an experiment, the balance (pairing) of earthquakes in the northernand southern hemispheres against lines of latitude monitored day by day(over 4.9 magnitude).

FIG. 9 illustrates a magnetogram image showing sunspots 0743 and 0742taken on Mar. 19, 2005.

FIG. 10 illustrates 2 magnetogram images taken by SOHO and sundisturbances.

FIG. 11 illustrates 3 magnetogram images taken by SOHO and sundisturbances.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a new and unique model that correlatesseismic activity on Earth directly with the number and specific locationof sun disturbances. This model is utilized in order to predictearthquakes through sunspot disturbances. This tracking of sunactivities is essential to forecast future earthquakes in order to warnauthorities to avoid the consequences of potential damage to human andmaterial resources.

The Sun's Electro-Magnetic Disturbances

Sunspots are strong magnetic fields (3000 gauss) apparently formed byconvection processes. The electromagnetic disturbance of sunspots can becompared to tectonic activity, such as a volcanic eruption on the Earth,behaving similarly to convection processes on the tectonic plates.

The disturbances in the sun's magnetic field occur between the area thatreleases heat (convective zone) and the radiating area (radioactivezone) creating traces on the sensitive photosphere.

The sunspot cycle is not constant (approximately 8-11 years) and repeatswhen the solar poles are reversed. Sunspots usually appear in pairs orgroups (clusters) and with a life span of a few days or weeks.

In all probability, the direction of the sun's magnetic lines of forcechange the magnetic disturbances that develop as sunspots appear on amagnetogram—at solar minimum—as small disturbances.

The behavior of the sun disturbances, their location, and especiallytheir cycle in the photosphere indicates that disturbances evolve froman external magnetic source. The Earth's core (differentiation) is madeout of an internal solid with a diameter of 2400 km, surrounded by anexternal layer of 7000 km diameter of hot, liquid metal. The corerevolves slower than its external layer and the outer crust. As aresult, there are differences between the speed of the core electronsand those in the outer layer [X. Song and P. G. Richards, DetectingPossible Rotation of Earth's Inner Core, Nature 382, 221 (1996)]. Thesemovements result in a natural dynamo.

In the outer core of the Earth, the very hot liquid metal (mostly iron)seems to behave like the sun's core, in that it moves and ripples andcauses electro-magnetic and electric storms in the depth of the Earth(explained also by Robert Roy Britt in “When North Becomes South: NewClues to Earth's Magnetic Flip-Flops”. About one percent of theelectromagnetic field escapes and combines with other elements to createthe Earth's magnetic field. According to the behavior of the Earth'score, the geo and electronic-magnetic field also fluctuate. The magneticaxis of the Earth is slightly tilted in relationship to the geographicalaxis with an inclination of approximately 11 degrees. The strength ofthe magnetic field is stronger at the poles and weaker around theequator region. Had the axis of the magnetic field been parallel to thegeographic axis of the Earth, then the geographic latitudes would followthe same lines of the magnetic latitudes. However, the magnetic linesare similar, but not identical to the geographical lines of latitude.Superimposing the magnetic equatorial line onto the tectonic plate mapproduces shapes (like a butterfly). The tectonic plates are associatedwith convection processes.

In addition, the tectonic plates on the Earth's crust are affected bythe geo-magnetic field. The main “butterfly” shape appears almostperfectly balanced when superimposed on the Pacific plates (around theRing of Fire). A further butterfly-like shape emerges from the Africanand Indian plates. The rest of the plates also complete this magneticbalance with the magnetic equator marking the middle of the ‘butterfly’.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2 illustrating a map showing the PacificPlate that makes up 80% of the tectonic activity.

The following examples demonstrate the pairing and magnetic balance ofearthquakes.

Date Lat. Long. Mag. Location 2006-09-04  9.24 S 107.57 E 5.3 SOUTH OFJAWA, INDONESIA 2006-09-05  7.71 N 126.51 E 5.6 MINDANAO, PHILIPPINEISLANDS 2006-08-23  5.54 N  94.58 E 5.0 NORTHERN SUMATERA, INDONESIA2006-08-23  4.58 S 153.56 E 5.0 NEW IRELAND 2006-08-31 28.81 N 130.01 E5.5 RYUKYU ISLANDS, JAPAN 2006-09-01 24.63 S 168.58 E 5.0 NEW CALEDONIAREGION 2006-08-24 57.61 S 148.30 E 5.5 WEST OF MACQUARIE ISLAND2006-08-24 51.14 N 157.59 E 6.5 NEAR E. CST KAMCHATKA PEN

Accordingly, a 10-step model was developed by the inventor of thepresent invention in order to determine the location and time ofpotential earthquakes. The factors taken into consideration in theprocess include: sun/earth geometry and orbit.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3 illustrating a block diagram of a10-step process of tracking earthquakes in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention. The steps of the process are asfollows:

1. Monitoring Sun Disturbance Activity:

In this step, the user identifies the initial appearance of sunspotdisturbance at UTC time. The evidence of the emergence of new sunspotactivity and disturbances are identified from satellite imagery; EIT andmagnetograms.

2. Marking the Disturbances on a Transparency of the Sun's Diameter on aGrid:

The exact coordinates of the sun disturbances (usually the dark areas ofthe disturbances or alternatively the cloud-like patterns of sunspotactivities) are marked on the transparency that is placed over the EITand magnetogram images directly on the monitor or over a printout of theEIT and magnetogram image. Reference is now made to FIG. 4 sun'sdiameter grid transparency) illustrating a grid of transparency that isused in the process according to preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

3. Transferring Sunspot Activities From the Transparency to aBroadsheet:

The exact coordinates of the sunspot disturbances are then transferredfrom the transparency onto a broadsheet that has been divided up into agrid on a larger scale (to enable more precise working picture ofcurrent sunspot activities). Reference is now made to FIG. 5illustrating a broadsheet used in the process according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention.

4. Correlating the Sunspot Disturbance to a Location on Earth (Lines ofLatitude):

The BO transparency, divided into lines of latitude on the same scale ofthat of the broadsheet is marked with a full range of BO options (see 2examples; BO-0 and BO-7. The coordinates on the transparency (sun'sdiameter grid transparency) can then be transferred to the broadsheet,indicating the same angle of declination+BO.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 6 a-b illustrating BO latitudes used inthe process according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

5. Determining the Location of the Potential Earthquake on the Line ofLatitude:

The line of latitude is determined using the model (will be shown in theexamples). The angle of declination of the corresponding day is adjustedto the indications of sunspot disturbances from the broadsheettransparency The centre of the BO transparency is lined up to the centerof the broadsheet and rotated to the daily declination. In addition, thecenter of the BO transparency is also moved up or down along the centerof the broadsheet in accordance with the daily declination.

6. Determining the Location of the Potential Earthquake on the Line ofLongitude I:

The disturbances identified on the EIT and the magnetogram image (wherethe black markings represent the south pole and the white marking thenorth pole) exhibit noticeably different patterns that indicate theirspecific geographical source. Reference is now made to FIG. 7illustrating an example of a pattern archive (EMI Archive) in accordancewith a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

7. Determining the Location of the Potential Earthquake on the Line ofLongitude II:

The location of a potential earthquake on a line of longitude is alsodetermined in the following manner:

-   -   a. Reference to the pattern archive (EMI Archive) a section is        shown in FIG. 7 (the EMI archive documents observations of        historic sun disturbance patterns identified from magnetograms        over 4 years).    -   b. Statistical analysis of the location of tectonic plates that        indicated current seismic activity.    -   c. Geological mapping of the characteristics of the earth's        crust.

8. Enhancements of the Results From the Data Harvested from the EIT andMagnetogram Images:

The results from these observations may be further enhanced in thefollowing manner:

-   -   a. Using a global seismic map    -   b. Examining of historic seismic activity of the area        (occurrence, magnitude and depth)    -   c. Taking into consideration the movements of the tectonic        plates (and transfer of the pressure, seismic balance).        The factors in steps 5, 6, 7 and 8 determine together the        location of a potential earthquake.

9. Determining a Potential Earthquake by Online Simulator:

A preferred method to determine longitude in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention is by calculating and determiningthe relative location of the earth to the sun at all times by using anonline simulator using a time zone such as the one shown in Table 1. Thetime zone and the simulator illustrate the relationship of the Earth tothe sun as in the broadsheets (‘Y’ axis). This enables the inventor todistinguish the amount of time that takes the sun disturbance to develop(usually between 10-12 hours).

10. Determining the Magnitude of a Potential Earthquake:

The earthquake magnitude is calculated by the shape of the pattern, thespeed in which the sun disturbance develops and the size and location ofthe disturbance.

As mentioned herein before, the model was implemented and checked forthe past four years, (2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004) to show repeatability.The correlation between earthquakes and sun disturbances consistentlyoccur together in clusters both quantitatively as well as in the orderthey occur. An example of this correlated activity is demonstrated inthe table that illustrates sun and earthquake activity from August 2003(an example from the 4 year data set). It has been shown thatearthquakes produce unequal distribution of mass over the Earth, and theEarth's equilibrium is therefore destabilized. In a short time, otherearthquakes appear that compensate for, and adjust to this imbalance,usually at the opposing side of the plate. Therefore with mostearthquakes, there is a responding earthquake (balance).

Reference is now made to FIG. 8 b illustrating earthquake diagram ofAugust 2003 that were evaluated over a specific period of time. Thediagram illustrates earthquake occurrences from August 2003 as mapped,by date to their geographic latitude. As shown, numerous earthquakesoccur, one after another and illustrate a self-similarity that may becompared to the behavior of sun disturbances. Earthquakes occur inseries or clusters that are reminiscent of the ways that sunspots occur.

Reference is now made to FIG. 8 a illustrating daily sunspot areaaverage over individual solar rotations. The pairing of earthquakes asshown in the butterfly pattern and the plate map has a similar patternto the sunspot butterfly pattern.

Each earthquake at each specific location ‘acts on’ the edges of theconnected platelets and initiates the next earthquake, as explained byRoss S. Stein, Aykut A. Barka and James H. Dieterich, Progressivefailure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stresstriggering, Geophysical Journal International, 1997, VOL 128, (pp594-604). The fact that earthquakes come in clusters has a physicalexplanation—‘a large earthquake can trigger another large earthquake ona nearby fault where the static stress increases. This explanation canbe found in Davide Castelvecchi, Magnet Theory Meets Earthquakes, ISSN1539-0748, 2005 by The American Physical Society, 2005.

Earthquake activity was monitored and mapped to sun disturbance activityfor August 2003. The results are provided in Table 2 that compares theearthquakes that occurred during that time on the Earth showing thelatitude of the earthquake and disturbances on magnetogram as measuredby the inventor of the present invention. According to the exactposition of the disturbance, the inventor of the present inventioncalculated according to the 10-steps method explained herein before thelatitude in which an earthquake is expected. It can be noticed that thecorrelation between the results of the calculation is in close proximityto the actual earthquakes that occurred. The earthquake data were takenfrom the US Geological Survey while sunspots data are from magnetogramimages provided by the SOHO LASCO, EIT and MDI teams (X and Y valuesdetermined by EMI mapping).

In a series of controlled experiments, additional earthquakes locationforecasts were documented and distributed on the 14th and 18th of Oct.2005 and on 24 Feb. and 6 Mar. 2006.

In each set, the number of forecasts harvested from the data availablewas idiosyncratic and reflected the potential events that weredistinguishable on the specific days that the experiment took place.

The coordinates (in Italic and bold) represent the forecasted locationsand the locations (with underline) represent actual earthquakes thatoccurred during this period:

14 Oct. 2005 1.

Mag 5.8 Date-Time Sat Oct 22 12:16:36 2005 UTC (8 days) Location5.96S 130.01E Region IN BANDA SEA 2.

Mag 4.1 (this event was published online only after list was compiled)(−2 days) Date-Time Wednesday, Oct. 12, 2005 at 23:37:35 (UTC) Location16.249N, 96.842W Region OAXACA, MEXICO Mag 4.9 Date-Time Monday, Oct.24, 2005 at 01:23:59 (UTC) (10 days) Location 17.71N, 105.77W Region OFFCOAST OF JALISCO, MEXICO Mag 4.7 Date-Time Monday, Oct. 24, 2005 at01:20:57 (UTC) (10 days) Location 16.249N, 96.842W Region OFF COAST OFJALISCO, MEXICO 3.

Mag 5.2 Date-Time Thursday, Oct. 20, 2005 at 23:32:24 (6 days) Location31.71N, 50.51E Region NORTHERN IRAN 4.

Mag 6.6 Date-Time Saturday, Oct. 15, 2005 at 15:51:08 (UTC) (1 days)Location 25.304N, 123.263E Region NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN 5.

Mag 5.4 Date-Time Friday, Oct. 14, 2005 at 03:36:45 (UTC) (same day)Location 23.710S, 176.003W Region SOUTH OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 18 Oct. 20056.

Mag 5.0 Date-Time Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2005 at 08:42:13 (UTC) (same day)Location 14.176° S, 72.608° W Region CENTRAL PERU Mag 4.8 Date-TimeThursday, Oct. 20, 2005 at 19:30:22 (UTC) (2 days) Location13.49° S, 70.20° W Region CENTRAL PERU 7.

Mag 5.2 Date-Time Saturday, Oct. 29, 2005 at 01:17:32 (UTC) (11 days)Location 2.553N, 127.009E Region MOLUCCA SEA 8.

Mag 4.9 Date-Time Monday, Oct. 17, 2005 at 18:48:26 (UTC) (−1 days)Location 37.892° N, 142.061° E Region OFF THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU,JAPAN Mag 6.4 Date-Time Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2005 at 11:44:43 (UTC) (1day) Location 36.374° N, 140.849° E Region NEAR THE EAST COAST OFHONSHU, JAPAN Mag 5.5 Date-Time Saturday, Oct. 22, 2005 at 13:12:47(UTC) (4 days) Location 37.118° N, 140.913° E Region EASTERN HONSHU,JAPAN Mag 5.9 Date-Time Sunday, Oct. 23, 2005 at 10:08:13 (UTC) (5 days)Location 37.372° N, 134.490° E Region SEA OF JAPAN11. 17-18s 69-70w Mag4.8 Date-Time Thursday, Oct. 20, 2005 at 10:02:23 (UTC) (2 days)Location 20.761° S, 70.363° W Region OFFSHORE TARAPACA, CHILE Mag 5.6Date-Time Sunday, Oct. 23, 2005 at 04:49:17 (UTC) (5 days) Location21.541° S, 68.185° W Region ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE 9.

Mag 5.7 Date-Time Thursday, Oct. 20, 2005 at 15:26:32 (UTC) (2 days)Location 52.334° N, 169.109° W Region FOX ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS,ALASKA 10. 

Mag 5.0 Date-Time Thursday, Oct. 27, 2005 at 08:41:46 (UTC) (9 days)Location 30.851N, 138.494E Region IZU ISLANDS, JAPAN REGION 11. 

Mag 5.3 Date-Time Monday, Oct. 24, 2005 at 00:44:43 (UTC) (6 days)Location 15.16° S, 172.95° W Region Samoa Islands Region 24 Feb. 2006 1)

 

Source 20/2 x = 126 y = 44 06/03 45.69N 26.45E ROMANIA Mag 4.6 Or 46N151E Kuril Island 09/03 45.12N 151.6E KURIL ISLANDS Mag 5.2 14/0347.96N 147.2E NORTHWEST OF KURIL ISLANDS Mag 5.3 3)

 

Source 4/3 x = 115 y = 30 09/03 37.868N 26.654E Dodecanese Islands,Greece Mag 4.3 4)

 

Source 3/3 x = 110 y = 113 The main trigger 14/03 3.60S 127.19E SERAM,INDONESIA Mag 6.8 17/03 5.22S 123.13E BANDA SEA Mag 5.6 17/037.50S 125.16E BANDA SEA Mag 5.6 18/03 4.68S 126.2E TALAUD ISLANDS,INDONEDIA Mag 5 5)

 

Source 5/3 x = 80 y = 48 16/03 7.38S 106.72E JAWA, INDONESIA Mag 5.1 6)

 

Source 2/3 x = 109 y = 135 The main trigger 7/03 14.83S 167.34E VANUATUISLANDS Mag 6.2 17/03 14.98S 167.39E VANUATU ISLANDS Mag 5.2 17/0315.27S 175.82E TONGA ISLANDS Mag 5.2 19/03 13.57S 172.41E VAUNUATUREGION Mag 5.8 7)

The main trigger 12/03 5.05S 153.65E NEW IRELAND REGION, P.N.G. Mag 5.914/03 3.91S 151.59E NEW IRELAND REGION, P.N.G. Mag 5.4 17/034.92S 149.92E BISMARCK SEA Mag 5.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 9-11 illustrating different magnetogramimages. The following examples represent major earthquakes events thatare shown with relation to sunspots in FIGS. 9-11, respectively. Themagnetograms were analyzed in accordance with the method of the presentinvention explained herein before.

-   1. an earthquake occurred in Sumatra (3.3N-96E) of Mag.9 on 26.12.04    (and consequently tsunami). According to the calculations made on    the magnetograms shown in FIG. 10, the following results were    calculated:

Average sun's B.O. (−1)

Earth's declination 23.3 S

No data available 21.12.04 from SOHO (possibly because of flares orcontrolled bakeout)

Average data taken from B.B.S.O.

Data from Fusion point Estimated Lat. Location SOHO Sunspot No. X Yafter calculation 21.12.04 714 89 73 3-S

-   2. In Sumatra (2.1N-97E) an earthquake of mag. 8.7 occurred on    28.3.05

from the calculations:

-   -   Average sun's B.O. (−7)    -   Earth's declination N 2.8

Sunspot Fusion no. Estimated lat. Location after Data from SOHO No. X Ycalculation 19.3.05 744 93.5 74 2-N 93 74 3N Total 2-3 N

-   3. Banda Sea (5.4S-128.1E) experienced an earthquake of Mag. 7.7    that occurred on 27.1.06. The calculations showed:

Average sun's B.O. (−5)

Earth's declination S 20.6

Fusion Estimated lat. Data point Magnetogram EIT 171 Location from SOHOSunspot No. X Y X Y X Y after calculation 18.1.06 848 79-48 6-5 77 47(5.5) 77 47 (5.5) 5-6 S 80-52 5-5

It should be noted that according to the model illustrated herein, amathematical calculation can be developed. This mathematical calculationcan automatically perform the correlation needed in order to predict anearthquake from sun disturbances in a mathematical manner known in theart such as trial and error.

It should be clear that the description of the embodiments and attachedFigures set forth in this specification serves only for a betterunderstanding of the invention, without limiting its scope as covered bythe following Claims.

It should also be clear that a person skilled in the art, after readingthe present specification can make adjustments or amendments to theattached Figures and above described embodiments that would still becovered by the following Claims.

TABLE 1 (‘Y’ axis on Broadsheet) Invisible 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 4020 Invisible 00:00 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 165 150 135 120 105 9001:00 105 120 135 150 165 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 02:00 120 135150 165 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 03:00 135 150 165 180 165 150135 120 105 90 75 60 45 04:00 150 165 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 6045 30 05:00 165 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 06:00 180 165150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 07:00 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 6045 30 15 0 15 08:00 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 09:00 135120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 10:00 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 015 30 45 60 11:00 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 12:00 90 75 6045 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 13:00 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90105 14:00 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 15:00 45 30 15 0 15 3045 60 75 90 105 120 135 16:00 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 15017:00 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 18:00 0 15 30 45 60 7590 105 120 135 150 165 180 19:00 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165180 165 20:00 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 165 150 21:00 45 6075 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 165 150 135 22:00 60 75 90 105 120 135 150165 180 165 150 135 120 23:00 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 165 159 135120 105 Direction of Earth's rotation

TABLE 2 Earthquakes Disturbances on magnetogram Date Lat Long Mag DateSun No. X Y Calculated latitude 01 54.65 S 01.25 E 5.1 29.7.03Disturbance 57 57 52 S 01 32.77 N 141.12 E 5.2 29.7.03 Disturbance 120101 30 N 02 9.96 S 124.64 E 4.9 02 7.48 S 128.36 E 4.9 03 30.74 S 179.19W 5.0 03 56.11 N 153.32 W 5.2 5.3 03 58.91 S 25.56 W 4.9 03 40.49 S176.03 E 5.3 27.7.03 Disturbance 74 46 40.5 S 03 17.69 S 174.41 W 4.931.7.03 Disturbance 67 101 18.5 S 03 3.69 N 118.76 E 4.9 03 22.57 S177.01 W 5.2 29.7.03 Disturbance 105 30 22 S 04 65.99 N 5.47 E 4.9 0429.08 N 59.75 E 5.3 31.7.03 Disturbance 109 120 27.5 N 04 60.53 S 43.41W 6.2 29.7.03 38 72 60S 7.5 04 60.54 S 44.44 W 5.4 1.8.03 424 73 27 58 S04 21.99 N 120.59 E 5.0 27.7.03 Disturbance 122 77 19.5 N 04 44.64 N148.58 E 4.9 04 6.06 N 126.29 E 5.2 28.7.03 Disturbance 110 66 4 N 0421.82 S 169.32 E 5.1 05 20.94 S 178.9 W 5.1 05 23.69 N 70.44 E 5.14.8.03 Disturbance 116 96 23 N 05 4.61 S 153.63 E 4.9 05 0.52 S 29.45 E5.3 2.8.03 Disturbance 73 129 3.5 S 06 43.38 N 147.28 E 5.3 30.7.03Disturbance 114 157 44 N 06 15.58 S 173.13 W 5.1 29.7.03 Disturbance 8082 15 S 06 30.58 S 178.02 W 5.1 2.8.03 Disturbance 60 89 31 S 06 7.66 N36.68 W 5.0 2.8.03 Disturbance 98 102 9 N 06 15.50 S 13.20 W 4.9Disturbance 07 17.72 S 172.99 W 5.0 2.8.03 Disturbance 78 79 18 S 5.2 0700.75 N 125.28 E 4.9 07 03.95 S 136.91 E 4.9 7.8.03 430 82 102 4 S 0813.80 S 71.81 W 4.9 3.8.03 Disturbance 77 77 15 S 08 26.69 N 97.04 E 5.04.8.03 Disturbance 116 105 28 N 09 51.50 N 171.21 W 5.2 09 32.91 S178.54 W 5.0 10 06.62 S 147.90 E 4.9 6.8.03 Disturbance 75 117 5 S 5.011 1.14 N 128.15 E 5.7 7.8.03 Disturbance 82 117 00 11 18.35 N 106.04 W5.1 11 20.20 S 69.74 W 5.0 5.8.03 Disturbance 82 66 21 S 11 33.01 S178.38 W 4.9 11 56.91. S 147.61 E 5.6 5.8.03 Disturbance 64 63 55 S 5.711 12.12 N 93.53 E 5.5 9.8.03 Disturbance 121 25 11 N 12 51.17 N 159.05E 5.1 12 20.48 N 121.38 E 4.9 7.8.03 Disturbance 123 75 20 N 13 17.65 S173.07 W 4.9 7.8.03 Disturbance 76 82 18 S 13 09.36 N 79.94 W 5.0 1330.58. S 178.11 W 5.1 12.8.03 Disturbance 85 42 30 S 13 9.83 S 119.01 E5.0 5.8.03 Disturbance 84 82 10 S 13 14.28 N 90.09 W1 5.0 10.8.03Disturbance 131 51 15 N 14 39.16 N 20.61 E 5.6 6.2 14 60.54 S 43.89 W5.3 12.8.03 Disturbance 52 53 60 S 14 11.65 N 126.71 E 4.9 9.8.03Disturbance 114 73 12 N 14 38.83 N 20.57 E 5.1 5.2 14 19.90 S 177.98 W5.2 14 21.12 N 146.56 E 5.0 4.8.03 Disturbance 130 70 23 N 14 55.58 N162.38 E 4.9 15 40.99 N 125.43 W 5.1 15 28.15 N 113.22 W 4.9 10.8.03Disturbance 105 130 27 N 15 33.14 S 178.55 W 5.0 13.8.03 432 93 24 33 S15 11.99 N 143.10 E 4.9 16 43.77 N 119.64 E 5.5 11.8.03 Disturbance 119147 45 N 16 05.47 S 151.14 E 5.2 11.8.03 Disturbance 74 116 7 S 16 4.62S 151.82 E 5.3 11.8.03 Disturbance 79 112 4 S 16 05.62 S 151.82 E 5.3 1720.35 N 121.83 E 5.2 13.2.03 Disturbance 62 112 21 N 18 29.57 N 95.60 E5.6 14.8.03 Disturbance 110 111 26 N 18 37.63 N 139.97 E 4.9 18 35.63 N139.97 4.9 15.8.03 Disturbance 138 74 35 N 19 32.93 S 179.21 W 5.214.8.03 433 65 59 35 S 19 29.12 N 129.34 E 4.9 19 05.82 S 147.03 E 4.912.8.03 Disturbance 89 85 4 S 19 21.99 S 179.55 W 5.0 18.8.03Disturbance 87 53 21 S 20 11.40 S 166.22 E 5.0 16.8.03 436 111 22 13 S20 30.30 N 41.92 W 4.9 14.8.03 Disturbance 110 127 30 N 21 00.02 N126.77 E 4.9 21 1467. N 52.24 E 4.9 21 45.10 S 167.14 E 6.6 8.8.03 43183 25 45 S 7.5 21 02.25 N 96.53 E 5.1 15.8.03 Disturbance 116 49 2.5 N21 68.69 N 148.04 W 5.2 22 03.13 N 77.87 W 5.0 17.8.03 Disturbance 12236 2 N 22 13.37 S 167.14 E 5.0 14.8.03 Disturbance 63 133 14.5 S 2300.88 S 133.70 E 5.4 20.8.03 Disturbance 110 150 1 S 23 00.78 N 125.22 E5.0 23 27.56 S 63.26 W 5.0 13.8.03 Disturbance 57 110 27.5 S 24 17.45 S167.89 E 5.0 5.1 24 40.37 S 98.26 E 5.2 25 14.03 N 91.07 W 5.4 14.8.03Disturbance 105 101 16 N 25 08.91 S 113.18 E 5.2 16.8.03 Disturbance 37139 10 S 25 18.54 N 106.70 W 5.5 15.8.03 Disturbance 105 107 18 N 2604.81 N 125.63 E 4.9 15.8.03 Disturbance 110 64 5 N 26 20.25 S 175.73 W4.9 20.8.03 Disturbance 82 60 22 S 26 33.11 S 179.22 W 5.1 18.8.03Disturbance 85 32 35 S 26 17.156 S 70.67 W 5.8 14.8.03 Disturbance 105101 16 N 26 05.31 S 145.23 E 4.9 17.8.03 Disturbance 87 92 4 S 27 06.59S 147.17 E 5.1 22.8.03 Disturbance 72 131 7 S 27 39.16 S 72.44 W 5.119.8.03 Disturbance 47 110 38 S27 65.13 S 179.26 E 4.9 19.8.03Disturbance 48 50 65 S 27 06.78 N 33.97 W 5.0 26.8.03 Disturbance 123 325 N 27 43.74 N 28.92 W 5.1 27.8.03 Disturbance 128 104 42 N 27 11.29 N57.57 E 5.3 20.8.03 Disturbance 89 136 10 N 28 49.82 S 114.81 W 5.426.8.03 Disturbance 64 39 50 S 6.1 28 55.85 S 146.84 E 5.1 28 07.32 S126.05 E 5.6 23.8.03 Disturbance 109 41 7 S 28 05.04 S 103.51 E 5.023.8.03 Disturbance 110 34 6.5 S 28 56.10 S 143.60 W 5.0 28 21.98 S179.58 W 5.1 22.8.03 Disturbance 63 110 22 S 28 00.21 N 126.18 E 5.1 2813.16 N 145.33 E 5.3 29 26.27 S 177.26 W 5.3 17.8.03 437 31 103 26 S 2914.95 S 176.8 W 4.9 24.8.03 Disturbance 99 37 16 S 29 59.29 S 24.88 W5.2 29 02.32 S 139.58 E 5.1 21.8.03 Disturbance 83 108 2 S 29 60.56 S43.21 W 4.9 29 30.90 S 178.87 W 4.9 29 05.43 S 102.23 E 5.1 25.8.03Disturbance 76 113 7 S 30 14.80 S 167.24 E 5.2 28.8.03 Disturbance 86 5817 S 30 73.27 N 06.42 E 5.0 30 30.76 S 178.24 W 5.1 30 41.86 N 142.55 E5.2 28.8.03 Disturbance 120 138 40 N 31 10.54 N 146.35 E 5.8 27.8.03Disturbance 106 83 11 N 31 13.86 N 119.75 E 5.3 31 43.39 N 132.27 E 5.528.8.03 Disturbance 120 138 40 N

1. A method of correlating earthquakes on earth to electromagneticdisturbances on the sun comprising: mapping coordinates ofelectromagnetic disturbances on the sun; calculating said coordinates;mapping the calculated coordinates onto a location and time on earth;whereby the location and time on earth predicts the location andapproximate time of the earthquake which will consequently occur onearth.
 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagneticdisturbances are based on those observed on EIT images.
 3. The method asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic disturbances are basedon those observed on a magnetogram image.
 4. The method as claimed inclaim 1, wherein said mapping coordinates is performed by marking thedisturbances on a transparency of sun's diameter on a grid andtransferring the marked coordinated onto a broadsheet.
 5. The method asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said mapping the calculated coordinates isperformed by marking said coordinates on a scaled BO transparencydivided into lines of latitude.
 6. The method as claimed in claim 1,wherein said location is determined from the line of latitude using amodel in which an angle of declination of a corresponding day isadjusted to the indications of sunspot disturbances from the broadsheettransparency and wherein the centre of the BO transparency is lined upto the center of the broadsheet and rotated to the daily declination,and wherein the center of the BO transparency is also moved up or downalong the center of the broadsheet in accordance with the dailydeclination.
 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprisingdetermining the location of a potential earthquake on the line oflongitude.
 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein determining thelocation of the potential earthquake on the line of longitude isperformed by identifying the disturbances on an EIT and a magnetogramimage.
 9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein determining thelocation of the potential earthquake on the line of longitude is furthercomprises a: referencing to the pattern archive (EMI Archive); b.statistical analyzing the location of tectonic plates that indicatedcurrent seismic activity and c. geological mapping of characteristics ofthe earth's crust.
 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, furthercomprising enhancing results from the coordinates harvested from EIT andmagnetogram images.
 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, whereinenhancing the results comprising: a. using a global seismic map; b.examining historic seismic activity of the earth such as occurrence,magnitude and depth and c. taking into consideration the movements ofthe tectonic plates.
 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein theprediction of the earthquake is performed by an online simulator. 13.The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthquake has a magnitudethat is calculated by the shape of the pattern, the speed in which thesun disturbance develops and the size and location of the disturbance.